Tower of London
William the Conqueror · London, United Kingdom · 1066
The Tower of London is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. Established in 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest by William the Conqueror, the White Tower, its central keep, gave the entire castle its name. It exemplifies Norman military architecture, with its thick walls, strategic placement, and robust defensive capabilities, designed for both protection and intimidation. Over subsequent centuries, the Tower expanded with additional fortifications, including a moated enclosure and further towers. It has served various important functions throughout its history, including a royal palace, a prison, a treasury, a menagerie, and an armory. Its design reflects the evolving needs of a fortress and royal residence over nearly a millennium, making it a significant example of medieval European castle development.