Hwaseong Fortress
Jeong Yak-yong and Joseon royal workshops · Suwon, South Korea · 1796
Hwaseong Fortress combines walls, gateways, towers and military facilities around the historic centre of Suwon. The fortification adapts to both urban ground and nearby hills, making the surrounding terrain central to its organization. Its architectural variety reveals how a defensive system could also shape civic identity and the experience of moving through a city. Visiting: The fortress walls and public walking routes are distinct from separately ticketed sites or activities such as the palace.